Maps

1. Yorkshire

2. Riccall

3. 3D map of the site

4. The moraines that made the muddy ford

5. York in 1066

6. England 1066

7. Lidar image

8. Alternative sites proposed for the battle

9. Changes to the battle site

10. The bigger picture

11. The proposed access route

12. The 1851 map of Fulford

13. Modern map of York

14. Modern map of Fulford

Maps outlining the possible course of the battle.

Map 1 outlines the terrain and shows the position of the proposed road

Map 2 shows how the deployment and first phase of the battle progressed

Map 3 illustrates the Viking breakthrough and destruction of the Saxons

Sketch map of York's defences in 1066 

Discussion of old maps and John Speeds map

The Worcester MS of the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle:

Snorri's Saga says:

The earls let their army proceed slowly down along the ditch, with all their troops in line. The king's banner was next the river, where the line was thickest. It was thinnest at the ditch, where also the weakest of the men were. 

When the earls advanced downwards along the ditch, the arm of the Northmen's line which was at the ditch gave way; and the Englishmen followed, thinking the Northmen would fly. The banner of Earl Morukare advanced then bravely. 

When King Harald saw that the English array had come to the ditch against him, he ordered the charge to be sounded, and urged on his men. He ordered the banner which was called the Land-ravager to be carried before him, and made so severe an assault that all had to give way before it; and there was a great loss among the men of the earls, and they soon broke into flight, some running up the river, some down, and the most leaping into the ditch, which was so filled with dead that the Norsemen could go dry-foot over the fen. 

There Earl Morukare fell. Earl Valthiof, (Edwin) and the people who escaped, fled up to the castle of York; and there the greatest loss of men had been.

1. The Norse arrival in Yorkshire
2. The routes of the combatants to Fulford on 20 September 1066
3. Modern technology reveals the topology of the landscape
4. How the settlements might have looked in 1066
5. The 1651 map of Fulford
6. A possible layout of post-conquest Fulford
7. The crop marks recorded by English Heritage

Graphic battle sequence

This sequence of 6 small maps goes into more detail on the possible course of the battle.

The local geology- The underlying geology is key to placing the battlefield.

The defensive approach to York from the south was created in the last Ice Ages about 15 thousand years ago.

The proposed access route

Even if this was not a unique historic monument, is it wise to constrict the natural drain for the hinterland extending to the University.